The Life and Works of J. C. Kapteyn Jr A gel is formed when formatIsbn:Softcover 9789402404937 A gel is formed when weak or strong cohesive forces counterbalance the dispersing ones (usually by crosslinking) without inhibiting the penetration of solvent and of small solutes into the polymeric network the impact and application of nanoscale materials in specific alternative energy devices While the original biography suffers from but in many ways is also enriched by the emotional excesses of a loving daughter writing of her famous father world renowned scientists during the early decades of the twentieth century was the Dutch astronomer Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn (1851 1922)